Kesenjangan Pembangunan Wilayah Di Indonesia: Perspektif Circular And Cumulative Causation Dan Uneven Development
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Abstract
Kesenjangan pembangunan regional di Indonesia merupakan tantangan struktural yang persisten, ditandai dengan konsentrasi ekonomi yang signifikan di wilayah barat. Studi ini menganalisis kesenjangan pembangunan di tiga wilayah utama Indonesia—Indonesia Bagian Barat, Tengah, dan Timur—melalui sudut pandang Teori Sebab-akibat Sirkular dan Kumulatif (KPK) serta Pembangunan yang Tidak Merata. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) periode 2018-2023, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif dan analisis Indeks Williamson untuk mengukur kesenjangan regional. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia Bagian Barat berkontribusi 58,2% terhadap PDB nasional, sementara Indonesia Bagian Timur hanya berkontribusi 8,4%, dengan kesenjangan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) mencapai 11,13 poin. Mekanisme KKP menunjukkan bagaimana keunggulan kumulatif dalam infrastruktur, sumber daya manusia, dan investasi menciptakan siklus pertumbuhan yang saling memperkuat di wilayah maju, sementara melestarikan spiral keterbelakangan di wilayah tertinggal. Prinsip Pembangunan yang Tidak Merata menjelaskan bahwa struktur inheren kapitalisme, pembagian kerja internasional, dan distribusi sumber daya yang tidak merata secara teratur menghasilkan ketimpangan regional yang persisten. Studi ini memberikan wawasan teoritis untuk memahami dinamika ekonomi spasial Indonesia dan memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk strategi pembangunan yang lebih adil dan berkelanjutan.
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