Kebijakan Desentralisasi: Mensejahterakan atau Memiskinkan?
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Abstract
Desentralisasi sebagai instrumen kebijakan global menuai perdebatan apakah mensejahterakan atau memiskinkan masyarakat akibat polarisasi dampaknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis literatur untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas institusi terhadap hasil desentralisasi. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan desain Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis PRISMA dan Teori Institusional. Populasi artikel Scopus Q1-Q4 periode 2015-2025; sampel 27 artikel purposive dari Indonesia, India, Filipina. Instrumen protokol PRISMA dan tabel tematik; teknik content analysis tematik untuk pola polarisasi. Hasil menunjukkan desentralisasi meningkatkan efisiensi layanan dan kurangi kemiskinan di institusi matang, tetapi picu korupsi di institusi rapuh. Kesimpulan menekankan prasyarat tata kelola lokal untuk dampak inklusif.
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