Distribusi Pendapatan Nelayan Tangkap Skala Kecil Berdasarkan Status Aktivitas di Kabupaten Badung, Bali
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Abstract
Perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Indonesia melibatkan sekitar 2,5 juta rumah tangga yang umumnya menghadapi kemiskinan dan tingkat kerentanan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menganalisis distribusi pendapatan dan ketimpangan nelayan tangkap skala kecil berdasarkan status aktivitas pekerjaan pokok (utama) dan pekerjaan sampingan — di Kabupaten Badung, Bali. Data primer diperoleh dari 152 responden nelayan (112 utama, 40 sampingan) melalui purposive sampling pada kapal berukuran di bawah 5 GT. Pendapatan diukur sebagai nilai hasil penangkapan per trip (Rp). Analisis mencakup statistik deskriptif, distribusi frekuensi bertingkat, koefisien Gini, uji homogenitas Levene, uji-t independen, uji Mann-Whitney U. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa median pendapatan nelayan utama (Rp 1.520.000/trip) hampir dua kali lipat median pendapatan nelayan sampingan (Rp 760.000/trip), dan 62,5% nelayan sampingan memperoleh pendapatan di bawah Rp 1.000.000/trip dibandingkan dengan 34,8% nelayan utama. Ketimpangan pendapatan lebih tinggi pada kelompok sampingan (Gini = 0,510) dibandingkan dengan kelompok utama (Gini = 0,446). Uji Mann-Whitney U mengonfirmasi perbedaan distribusi yang signifikan (U = 2.784; p = 0,023), meskipun uji t parametrik tidak signifikan (p = 0,155), yang mengindikasikan perbedaan rank-order, bukan perbedaan mean. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan perlunya desain intervensi kebijakan yang berbeda untuk masing-masing kelompok, mengingat perbedaan struktur pendapatan dan ketimpangan
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