Transformasi Kebiasaan Mendengarkan Musik di Era Streaming: Sintesis Sistematis Literatur Empiris Terkini
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Abstract
Perkembangan platform musik digital telah mengubah pola konsumsi musik dari kepemilikan fisik menuju akses berbasis layanan streaming, sehingga memengaruhi perilaku konsumen dalam memilih, mengakses, dan mempertahankan penggunaan platform musik digital. Meskipun penelitian mengenai fenomena tersebut terus berkembang, temuan empiris masih tersebar pada berbagai disiplin ilmu dan menunjukkan inkonsistensi, terutama terkait faktor yang memengaruhi adopsi, loyalitas, willingness to pay, serta konstruksi identitas pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis secara sistematis literatur empiris mengenai transformasi kebiasaan mendengarkan musik di era streaming serta mengidentifikasi pola, tren, dan kesenjangan penelitian yang masih terbuka. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengacu pada protokol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Proses pencarian dilakukan pada basis data Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO Business Source Complete, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2013–2023. Berdasarkan proses identifikasi, penyaringan, uji kelayakan, dan penilaian kualitas, diperoleh 87 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan sintesis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi kebiasaan mendengarkan musik merupakan fenomena multidimensional yang dipengaruhi oleh motivasi adopsi teknologi, persepsi nilai, personalisasi algoritmik, switching behavior, loyalitas platform, serta dimensi sosial dan kultural pengguna. Selain itu, penelitian menemukan dominasi studi kuantitatif dan konteks negara maju, sementara kajian mengenai identitas kultural, pengalaman subjektif pengguna, serta konteks negara berkembang masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa sintesis konseptual yang mengintegrasikan perspektif adopsi teknologi dengan dimensi sosial-kultural dalam memahami perilaku konsumen platform musik digital, sekaligus memberikan arah bagi pengembangan penelitian dan strategi pengelolaan ekosistem musik digital pada masa mendatang.
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