Dinamika Turnover Intention Lintas Generasi: Peran Beban Kerja, Burnout, dan Kepuasan Kerja pada Karyawan Rumah Sakit
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Abstract
Tingginya turnover intention pada tenaga kesehatan menjadi tantangan penting bagi rumah sakit, terutama dalam lingkungan kerja multigenerasi yang memiliki karakteristik dan ekspektasi kerja yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh beban kerja terhadap burnout, kepuasan kerja, dan turnover intention, menguji peran mediasi burnout dan kepuasan kerja, serta membandingkan hubungan antarvariabel pada Generasi X, Generasi Y, dan Generasi Z. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan melibatkan 205 karyawan tetap Rumah Sakit Swasta X Semarang yang dipilih melalui proportionate stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert dan dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling berbasis Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) serta Multi-Group Analysis (MGA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja meningkatkan burnout dan menurunkan kepuasan kerja.. Burnout terbukti menurunkan kepuasan kerja sekaligus meningkatkan turnover intention, sedangkan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap turnover intention. Burnout dan kepuasan kerja juga terbukti memediasi pengaruh beban kerja terhadap turnover intention. Analisis lintas generasi mengungkapkan adanya perbedaan hubungan struktural, terutama antara Generasi X dan Generasi Y, yang menunjukkan bahwa respons terhadap beban kerja, burnout, dan kepuasan kerja dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik generasi. Temuan ini memperluas penerapan Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) Model dalam konteks tenaga kesehatan multigenerasi serta memberikan implikasi praktis bahwa strategi pengelolaan sumber daya manusia di rumah sakit perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik generasi melalui pengendalian beban kerja, pencegahan burnout, dan peningkatan kepuasan kerja untuk menekan turnover intention.
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