Faktor Strategis SPBE dalam Membentuk Economic Behavior Masyarakat Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan

Abstract

Digital government in an archipelagic region must be assessed not only through the availability of applications, but also through its capacity to change how citizens access economic services. This study analyzes the strategic factors of Indonesia's Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) in shaping community economic behavior in South Halmahera Regency. A qualitative-strategic design was applied by combining Focus Group Discussion, MICMAC structural analysis, limited observation, supporting interviews, and triangulation of official documents. Stakeholders identified and assessed direct relationships among fifteen SPBE factors using a scale from zero to three. The results show that South Halmahera's SPBE index increased from 1.72 in 2022 to 2.43 in 2024, yet its maturity remained in the moderate category. The direct-influence matrix had a 93.33 percent fill rate and reached full influence and dependence stability at the third iteration. Internal Architecture Policy and Information and Communication Technology Audit were classified as driving variables. The SPBE Roadmap, Data Management, Data Center Services, Information Security Management, and Human Resource Competence were linkage variables. Application Development, Intra-Government Networks, Service Integration Systems, Risk Management, and Planning-Budget Integration were dependent variables. SPBE shapes economic behavior when digital services reduce transaction costs, shorten service time, expand access to economic information, encourage formal participation, and shift manual habits toward official digital channels. The findings support a staged strategy that strengthens architecture and audit before expanding applications and services.