Financial Distress, ESG Disclosure, Tax Avoidance, dan Moderasi Accounting Conservatism pada Sektor Properti BEI Tahun 2023-2025
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Abstract
Pembiayaan pembangunan nasional sangat bergantung pada penerimaan pajak, sementara praktik tax avoidance oleh perusahaan dapat menahan pencapaian target penerimaan negara. Studi ini menelaah apakah financial distress dan pengungkapan Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) memengaruhi tax avoidance, serta apakah accounting conservatism mengubah hubungan tersebut, pada perusahaan properti dan real estate di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2023–2025. Data sekunder dari laporan tahunan juga laporan keberlanjutan menghasilkan 87 observasi firm-year yang dianalisis dengan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Financial distress berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan pada ETR (B = −0,027; p = 0,008), yang berarti perusahaan dengan kondisi keuangan lebih sehat cenderung melakukan tax avoidance lebih besar. ESG disclosure tidak berpengaruh signifikan (B = −0,104; p = 0,519). Accounting conservatism tidak memoderasi hubungan financial distress (p = 0,812) maupun ESG disclosure (p = 0,061) dengan tax avoidance. Adjusted R-squared sebesar 0,066 dan uji F yang tidak signifikan pada taraf 5% menunjukkan daya jelaskan model yang terbatas. Penelitian berikutnya disarankan menambah variabel yang relevan agar daya jelaskan model meningkat.
Keywords: accounting conservatism; ESG disclosure; financial distress; properti real estate; tax avoidance
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