Integrasi Pentahelix Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Untuk Menghadapi Ancaman Keamanan Non-Militer Di Kepulauan Riau
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Abstract
Wilayah Kepulauan Riau memiliki posisi geopolitik strategis sebagai beranda terdepan Indonesia, namun hal ini menciptakan kerentanan tinggi terhadap ancaman keamanan non-militer seperti illegal fishing, penyelundupan, dan perdagangan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana integrasi model Pentahelix dapat memperkuat pemberdayaan masyarakat di Kepulauan Riau dalam menghadapi ancaman tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui desain analisis sistem Input-Process-Output (IPO), penelitian ini memetakan sinergi antara lima aktor utama: Pemerintah, Akademisi, Badan Usaha, Masyarakat, dan Media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ancaman non-militer di wilayah perbatasan bersifat asimetris dan transnasional, sehingga menuntut pergeseran paradigma dari pendekatan militeristik ke arah keamanan insani (human security). Integrasi Pentahelix berperan penting dalam menutup celah koordinasi dan ego sektoral antar-instansi. Namun, implementasinya masih menghadapi hambatan struktural berupa keterbatasan infrastruktur maritim, rendahnya literasi digital masyarakat pesisir, dan tumpang tindih kewenangan regulasi. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan masyarakat sebagai "pagar hidup" negara melalui dukungan teknologi komunikasi, kemandirian ekonomi, dan revisi kerangka hukum kolaboratif sangat krusial untuk menciptakan ketahanan wilayah yang berkelanjutan serta menjaga kedaulatan nasional di perbatasan
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