Analisis Small-Signal Stability Berbasis Eigenvalue dan Simulasi Time-Domain pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik dengan Interkoneksi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) 126 MW
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Abstract
Penetrasi pembangkit energi terbarukan berbasis inverter, khususnya Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) skala utilitas, memunculkan tantangan baru terhadap stabilitas dinamik sistem tenaga listrik akibat berkurangnya inersia sistem dan berubahnya karakteristik interaksi elektromekanis-elektromagnetik antar-generator. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh interkoneksi PLTS berkapasitas 126 MW terhadap Small-Signal Stability pada sistem kelistrikan Kalimantan Tengah menggunakan dua pendekatan yaitu analisis Eigenvalue (Modal Analysis) beserta Participation Factor, dan simulasi Time-Domain berbasis skenario Load Step Change. Seluruh simulasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak DIgSILENT PowerFactory dengan memodelkan PLTS. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi nilai eigen (λ), frekuensi osilasi teredam (fd), rasio redaman (ζ), participation factor variabel keadaan, sudut rotor generator, dan waktu penetapan (settling time). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan integrasi PLTS 126 MW menggeser bagian real dari Eigenvalue dominan dari −0,3584 menjadi −1,1114, meningkatkan rasio redaman dari 5,01% menjadi 10,83%, serta menaikkan frekuensi osilasi lokal dari 1,14 Hz menjadi 1,62 Hz. Simulasi Time-Domain pada skenario Load Step Change mengonfirmasi temuan tersebut, dengan settling time pascaintegrasi PLTS yang jauh lebih singkat dan steady-state error yang tereduksi dari +0,108° menjadi +0,003°. Disimpulkan bahwa, pada konfigurasi jaringan yang dikaji, interkoneksi PLTS 126 MW memberikan efek penguatan margin stabilitas sinyal kecil, meskipun karakteristik tetap bergantung pada kekuatan jaringan, rasio penetrasi dan parameter pengendali inverter.
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