Pengaruh Karakteristik Individual dan Tuntutan Kerja (Job Demands) terhadap Presenteisme dengan Burnout sebagai Variabel Mediasi di UPTD Puskesmas Sukawarna Kota Bandung
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Abstract
Jumlah tenaga medis yang terbatas untuk melayani populasi yang besar menimbulkan tuntutan pekerjaan yang cukup besar di UPTD Puskesmas Sukawarna. Paparan yang berkepanjangan terhadap tuntutan tersebut dapat berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya burnout, sementara karyawan tetap masuk kerja meskipun mengalami tekanan fisik atau psikologis, yang mencerminkan fenomena presenteeism. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh karakteristik individu dan tuntutan pekerjaan terhadap burnout serta pengaruhnya selanjutnya terhadap presenteeism. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada seluruh karyawan UPTD Puskesmas Sukawarna menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel total. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis jalur berdasarkan Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa karyawan mengalami tingkat kelelahan kerja (burnout) yang tinggi meskipun terdapat variasi dalam karakteristik individu, meskipun kondisi ini tidak selalu menyebabkan depersonalisasi. Rasa tanggung jawab yang kuat mendorong karyawan untuk terus bekerja meskipun mengalami kelelahan kerja, sehingga berkontribusi pada presenteeism. Namun, ketika tuntutan pekerjaan, terutama beban kerja, melebihi kapasitas karyawan untuk menjalankan tugasnya, kecenderungan tersebut dapat bergeser dari presenteeism menjadi absenteeism. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa presenteeism di kalangan karyawan layanan kesehatan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh tekanan terkait pekerjaan, tetapi juga oleh rasa tanggung jawab karyawan serta kapasitas mereka dalam mengatasi tuntutan pekerjaan.
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