“Integrasi Teknologi Digital dalam Pengawasan Laut dan Penegakan Hukum terhadap Illegal Fishing untuk Memperkuat Keamanan Maritim Indonesia”
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Abstract
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing merupakan ancaman persisten terhadap kedaulatan dan keberlanjutan sumber daya laut Indonesia, sementara luasnya wilayah yurisdiksi maritim membuat metode pengawasan konvensional tidak lagi memadai untuk mendeteksi pelanggaran secara tepat waktu. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam paper ini adalah bahwa keberadaan berbagai teknologi digital pengawasan laut, seperti AIS, penginderaan satelit dan SAR, kecerdasan buatan, serta GIS, belum secara otomatis menghasilkan sistem pengawasan yang terintegrasi dan terhubung dengan proses penegakan hukum. Paper ini bertujuan menyusun sintesis konseptual mengenai bagaimana teknologi-teknologi tersebut dapat diintegrasikan untuk memperkuat pengawasan dan penegakan hukum terhadap illegal fishing. Menggunakan metode library research dengan pendekatan kualitatif, analisis tematik, dan sintesis literatur, paper ini menelaah literatur mengenai pengawasan maritim digital, deteksi anomali berbasis AI, analisis trayektori kapal, dan geospatial intelligence. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa tidak satu pun teknologi pengawasan tunggal memadai secara mandiri; keandalan deteksi hanya tercapai melalui fusi data multisensor, sementara keluaran analitik berbasis AI bersifat sebagai indikasi atau dukungan pengambilan keputusan, bukan penentu kepastian pelanggaran hukum. Integrasi teknologi ini berimplikasi langsung pada penguatan Maritime Domain Awareness sebagai jembatan konseptual menuju penegakan hukum yang berbasis intelijen. Paper ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan keamanan maritim Indonesia terhadap illegal fishing menuntut kerangka integrasi teknologi yang eksplisit menghubungkan pengawasan, intelijen, dan proses hukum, bukan sekadar akumulasi teknologi secara terpisah.
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