Dialektika Media-Sastra Arab: dari Tradisi Qashidah menuju Sastra Digital
Main Article Content
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi sastra Arab seiring perkembangan media dari era lisan (asy-syafawiyyah) hingga digital, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis berbasis studi kepustakaan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memetakan bagaimana perubahan media memengaruhi bentuk, fungsi, dan distribusi sastra Arab, dengan fokus pada karakteristik sastra lisan, kodifikasi tulisan, revolusi cetak, dan inovasi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi lisan, seperti puisi qashidah di pasar Ukaz, berfungsi sebagai penjaga sejarah dan kritik sosial, sementara kodifikasi Al-Qur’an pada masa Khalifah Utsman memperkuat identitas Islam dan melahirkan genre baru seperti tafsir dan sirah. Penerjemahan teks di era Abbasiyah, melalui Bayt al-Hikmah, memperkaya sastra dengan karya seperti Kalīla wa Dimna. Teknologi cetak, meskipun terlambat diadopsi akibat resistensi budaya, merevolusi distribusi melalui penerbitan massal, seperti Percetakan Bulaq dan karya Jurji Zaidan, memfasilitasi gerakan Nahda. Pada era digital, platform seperti Wattpad dan blog Ahmed Naji mendesentralisasi distribusi, menciptakan sastra elektronik interaktif, namun menghadapi tantangan sensor dan kesenjangan teknologi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual terhadap hubungan media dan sastra dalam konteks budaya Arab-Islam yang terus berkembang.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Aarseth, E. (1997). Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Achmad, B. (2019). Sastrawan Arab Modern. books.google.com.
Adonis. (2003). An Introduction to Arab Poetics. London: Saqi Books.
Affan, M. (2018). Arab spring dalam sastra Arab: Ekspresi dan representasi. Al-Irfan: Journal of Arabic Literature and Islamic ….
Ahmad, I. (2002). Fiqh Syafi’i: Fiqh Islam menurut Madzhab Syafi’i. Surabaya: Karya Indah.
Ahmed, H. R. (2021). The last Nahdawi: Taha Hussein and institution building in Egypt. books.google.com.
Akbar, A. K., Kurniawan, E., & ... (2023). Perkembangan teknologi di dunia Arab dan dampak terhadap kebudayaan. … Nasional Bahasa Arab. munasbauai.com.
Al-Hassan, A. Y., & Hill, D. R. (2023). Translation and Knowledge Assimilation in the Islamic Golden Age. Journal of Islamic Studies and Intellectual History, 12(1).
Al-Jumahi, M. ibn S. (1974). Tabaqat Fuhul al-Shu‘ara.’ Beirut: Dar al-Jeel.
Al-khuli, A. A. (2006). Sejarah Sastra Arab: Dari Masa Pra-Islam hingga Masa Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus.
Al-Mubassyir, M. (2024). Al-Adab Al-Raqmī: Tren Baru Sastra Arab di Ruang Digital. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional …. Retrieved from https://proceedings.uinsa.ac.id/index.php/knm-bsa/article/view/2399
Al-zayyat, A. H. (2001). Târîkh al-Adab al-‘Arabî. Beirut: Dar al-ma’arif.
Alhafidz, A. Z. (2023). The Existence of Arabic Print Dictionaries in the Digital Age/Eksistensi Kamus Cetak Bahasa Arab Di Era Digital. Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning. Retrieved from https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/ijazarabi/article/view/19044
Ard. (2025). Keindahan dan Evolusi Dunia Sastra Arab: Dari Pra-Islam ke Modern.
Arminsyah, A. (2021). KODIFIKASI AL-QUR’AN (Gagasan dan Tantangan Dasar-dasar Teori Pendidikan dan Hukum Islam). At-Tazakki: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Dan ….
Arrifada, Y., Rofiqoh, D., & Kusaeri, K. (2016). Dinamika Perkembangan Matematika Abad Pertengahan Hingga Munculnya Gerakan Renaissance (Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah). Jurnal Fourier, 5(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.14421/fourier.2016.52.49-56
Auji, H. (2019). Printing Arab modernity: Book culture and the American press in nineteenth-century. Beirut: Brill.
Auji, H., Cormack, R., & Mahmoud, A. (2023). The Arab Nahda as Popular Entertainment: Mass Culture and Modernity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Ayalon, A. (2019). The Arabic Print Revolution: Cultural Production and Mass Readership. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Azizah, D. N. (2020). Karakteristik prosa dalam sastra Arab. Tsaqofah Dan Tarikh: Jurnal Kebudayaan Dan Sejarah …. core.ac.uk.
Badawi, M. M. (1993). A Short History of Modern Arabic Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Baldwin, S. (2016). The Internet Unconscious: on the subject of electronic literature. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Baron, S. A. (2021). The Birth of the Modern Book: From Gutenberg to the Digital Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bissalam, U., & Wahyudin, M. (2024). Transformsi Kaligrafi Tradisional Ke Digital Sebagai Media Dakwah Era Baru. Al-Mustla : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman Dan Kemasyarakatan, 6, 502–521. https://doi.org/10.46870/jstain.v6i2
Büyükarslan, B. M. (2024). An Archival Investigation into the Imposition of Bans and Censorship on the Works of Jurji Zaydan during the Ottoman Era * education , extensive travels , and the intellectual influence of prominent orientalists , such as Nöldeke ,. Journal of Social Sciences Aralık, 11(December), 224–244. https://doi.org/10.34086/rteusbe.1567285
Cahyono, N. H., Sugiyamin, Barriyah, I. Q., & Susanto, M. R. (2023). Sojiwan Temple Pancatantra Relief Iconology Study; A Multicultural Dimension. JSRW (Jurnal Senirupa Warna), 11(2), 142–160.
Chamdar, N., & Hamzah, A. A. (2025). Pra-Islam dan Bahasa Arab: Bahasa dan Sastra sebelum Munculnya Islam. AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Bahasa Arab, 4(2).
Connaway, L. S., & Radford, M. L. (2021). Research methods in library and information science. California: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage Publications.
Cronqvist, M., & Hilgert, C. (2017). Entangled media histories: The value of transnational and transmedial approaches in media historiography. Media History. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2016.1270745
Dhanani, A. (2024). The Role of Bayt al-Hikmah in the Transmission and Transformation of Classical Knowledge. Journal of Islamic Intellectual History, 12(1).
Dr. Syukri, M. . (2023). Transmisi filsafat aristoteles terhadap filsafat islam. Medan: Perdana Publishing. Retrieved from http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/22260/1/TRANSMISI FILSAFAT ARISTOTELES %28Syukri%29.pdf
Drucker, J. (2009). SpecLab: Digital Aesthetics and Projects in Speculative Computing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Efrilia, E., & Setiawan, D. B. (2020). Khaled Hosseini’S World View on Afghanistan Society Depicted in a Thousand Splendid Suns. Linguist. Lit. J. academia.edu.
El-Ariss, T. (2018). The Arab Renaissance: A Bilingual Anthology of the Nahda and Beyond. New York: Modern Language Association.
Elsayed, Y. (2021). Digital Diasporas: Arab Literature in the Age of Global Connectivity. Middle Eastern Literatures, 24(2), 123–140.
Elshakry, M. S. (2020). Translation and The Making of Modern Arabic Print Culture. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 62(4).
Fadl, A. (n.d.). Ahmad. Udaba’ al-Internet Udaba al-Mustaqbal.
Fadl, S. (2016). he Internet as a Transformative Space for Arabic Literature. Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, 36, 152–174.
Fakhry, M. (1991). Ethical Theories in Islam. Leiden: E.J Brill.
George, A. (2023). The Printing Press and the Islamic World: Early Encounters and Cultural Exchange. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 82(1), 45–67.
Gultom, A. D. (2018). Digitalisasi Penyiaran Televisi di Indonesia. Buletin Pos Dan Telekomunikasi.
Haifa, S., & Taran, J. P. (2023). Sejarah Ilmu Kaligrafi Pada Masa Bani Umayyah. Jurnal Shaf. Retrieved from https://journal.yayasanhaiahnusratulislam.or.id/index.php/shaf/article/view/55
Hamdaoui, A. S. A. (2021). Al-Hurra’s signature in the visions of the author of the book Imamate and Politics. Arab Gulf.
Hamdawi, J. (2016). Adab Raqm Teori dan Praktik. Kairo: Dar al-ma’arif.
Hammond, A. (2017). The Arabic Novel in the Digital Age. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Hanna, N. (2020). In Praise of Books: A Cultural History of Cairo’s Middle Class, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Century. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Haryono, H. F., & Hum, S. (2018). Pengaruh Internet dan Media Sosial Terhadap Pola Perilaku Komunikasi Di Masyarakat. Surabaya: Universitas Dr. Soetomo.
Hayles, N. K. (2008). Electronic literature: New horizons for the literary. Electronic Literature: New Horizons for the Literary, pp. 1–223. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.46-0110
Hidayat, M. W., & Tasnimah, T. M. (2023). The Influence of Serialized Novels in Print Media on Arab Intellectual Culture. Al-Ma‘rifah: Jurnal Budaya, Bahasa, Dan Sastra Arab, 20(2).
Hitti, P. K. (2001). Dunia Arab: Sejarah Ringkas Trj. Usuludin Hutagulung. Yogyakarta: Sumur Bandung.
Inayatullah, A. A., & Safruroh, S. (2024). Kodifikasi Al-Qur’an: Studi Analisis Sejarah. Pelita: Jurnal Studi Islam …. Retrieved from https://ejournal.uiidalwa.ac.id/index.php/pelita/article/view/1864
Islam, M. T., Habibah, U., Novitasari, D., & ... (2025). Historiografi Perkembangan Islam Pada Era Klasik. Indo-MathEdu …. Retrieved from https://www.indo-intellectual.id/imeij/article/view/2782
Istiqomah, S. (2023). Kisah Israiliyat dan Pengaruhnya dalam Penafsiran al-Quran. El-Hijaz. Retrieved from https://ojs.mauwh.sch.id/index.php/hj/article/view/14
Iwan, I., & Bilqis, R. (2021). Dinamika Sastera Arab Era Dinasti Umawi Faktor Penyebab Perkembangan Dan Karakteristiknya. Al-Mufassir.
Jamil, H., & Agung, N. (2022). Tantangan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Era Society 5.0: Analisis Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Aplikasi Interaktif. Alibbaa’: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 3(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.19105/ajpba.v3i1.5536
Jaya, M. I., Kunci, K., Emosional, K., & Belajar, P. (2023). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional. Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Pendidikan, 1(4), 9–17.
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: NYU Press.
Kautsar, E. S., Mujahid, A., & Sohrah, M. A. (n.d.). Penulisan Al-Qur’an pada Masa Rasulullah dan Khulafaur Rasyidun: Jam’ul, Kodifikasi, dan Unifikasi. Academia. Edu. academia.edu. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/download/104744957/Jam_ul_Kodifikasi_dan_Unifikasi_revisi.pdf
Kennedy, P. F. (2020). The Wine Song in Classical Arabic Poetry: Abu Nuwas and the Literary Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Khumaedi, A. A. (2024). Perkembangan Literasi Digital Bahasa Arab: Peluang dan Tantangan Era. pdfs.semanticscholar.org.
Kosárová, D. (2020). Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya: Understanding media bias. Politické Vedy.
Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in The New Media Age. London: Routledge.
Kress, G., & Leeuwen, T. Van. (2001). Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. London: Arnold.
Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Kuning, H. A. H. (2017). Jurnal Adab (Sastra) Pada Masa Daulah Abbasiah. Istiqra: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam. Retrieved from http://jurnal.umpar.ac.id/index.php/istiqra/article/view/488
Kutelia, M. (2024). Gibran Khalil Gibran on Literary Arabic Language. Language and Culture.
Lahlali, E. M. (2011). Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media. Skotlandia: Edinburg University Press.
Linthicium, N. (2017). The Cultural Newspaper “Akhbar al-Adab” and the Making of Egypt’s “Nineties Generation.” Journal of Comparative Poetics, (37), 229–261.
Lister, M. (2003). New Media A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.
Maysaroh, M. (2024). Analisis Dampak Arabisasi pada Masa Dinasti Umayyah di Timur (661-750 M). Islamic Education.
Maziad, M. (2021). Qatar in Egypt: The politics of Al Jazeera. Journalism. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918812221
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mellor, N., & Dkk. (2011). Arab Media. Cambridge: Polity Press. Retrieved from http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Moffitt, B. (2017). Transnational populism? Representative claims, media and the difficulty of constructing a transnational “people.” Javnost-The Public. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2017.1330086
Mony, H. (2020). Bahasa jurnalistik: aplikasinya dalam penulisan karya jurnalistik di media cetak, televisi, dan media online. books.google.com.
Muhammad, A. N. (2024). Tema-Tema dalam Cybersastra Arab. … Mahasiswa Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab.
Munir, M. (2021). Metode Pengumpulan Al-Qur’an. Kariman: Jurnal Pendidikan Keislaman. Retrieved from https://www.jurnal.inkadha.ac.id/index.php/kariman/article/view/171
Naji, A. (n.d.). Blog Wassa‘ Khayalak. Retrieved June 10, 2025, from Blog Ahmednaji.net website: https://ahmednaji.net/
Nemeth, T. (2022). Arabic Typography and the Challenges of Early Printing. Typography and Visual Culture, 12(2).
Nisa Meisa Zarawaki. (2022). Menelaah Kesusastraan Dan Karya Sastra Dinasti Abbasiyah. KULTURISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Budaya, 6(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.6.1.3783
Oifi, M. El. (2019). Influence without power: Al Jazeera and the Arab public sphere. Al Jazeera Phenomenon. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315636092-3
Ong, W. J. (1982). Orality and Literacy. London: Routledge.
Osborn, J. R. (2017). Letters of Light: Arabic Script in Calligraphy, Print, and Digital Design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Othman, S. (2020). Nayrouz Qarmout: “I didn’t plan to be a writer at all”.
Ouyang, W. (2022). Worlding of realism: The case of Naguib Mahfouz. Landscapes of Realism: Rethinking Literary Realism in …. https://doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxxiii.25ouy
Patel, A. (2013). The Arab Nahdah: The Making of the Intellectual and Humanist Movement (Edinburgh Studies in Modern Arabic Literature). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Peak, B. (2023). The Emerging, Unwieldy Past: On Rania Mamoun’s Something Evergreen Called Life.
Pettegree, A. (2023). The Book at War: Libraries and Readers in an Age of Conflict. London: Profile Books.
Phillip, T. (2014). Jurji Zaidan and The Foundations of Arab Nationalism. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Qualey, M. L. (2016). Ahmed Naji’s Imprisonment: A Case Study in Egyptian Censorship. Arabilit Quarterly. Retrieved from https://arablit.org/2016/02/20/ahmed-najis-imprisonment-a-case-study-in-egyptian-censorship/
Rettberg, S. (n.d.). Electronic Literature Communities. Virginia: Center for Literary Computing Morgantown.
Robinson, C. F. (2003). Islamic Historiography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rohmah, K., & Mildasari, D. A. (2022). Autentikasi Isrāiliyyāt Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’An. AL ITQAN: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’ …. Retrieved from https://ejournal.staialanwar.ac.id/index.php/itqon/article/view/810
Rusydi, S. R. (2011). Israiliyat dan Pengaruhnya dalam Khazanah Keilmuan Islam. Jurnal Pilar: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer, 02(1), 66–77.
Sabev, O. (2023). Ottoman Printing and Its Social Impact: Control and Resistance. Archivum Ottomanicum, 40, 89–112.
Salsabilla, P. Y. (2024). Kodifikasi Al–Qur’an dan Hadist pada masa Dinasti Umayyah. Maliki Interdisciplinary Journal. Retrieved from https://urj.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/mij/article/view/7954
Santoso, B. R., Nawafi, A. Y. F., & Kifayah, N. (2023). Restrukturisasi Media Dakwah: Dari Media Cetak Ke Media Sosial. Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah.
Saputra, J., Zalnur, M., & Masyhudi, F. (2025). Perkembangan Pusat Pendidikan Baitul Hikmah ( House of Wisdom ). 2(1).
Schwatrz, K. A. (2022). Print, Power, and Cultural Hegemony in the Ottoman Empire. Leiden: Brill.
Seib, P. (2016). Al Jazeera English: Global news in a changing world. books.google.com.
Sells, M. (2001). Approaching the Qur’an: The Early Revelations. OR: White Cloud Press.
Sheehi, S. (2021). Foundations of modern Arab identity (2nd ed.). Florida: Florida University Press.
Stetkevych, S. P. (2010). Transformations of Rhetoric in Arabic Poetry. 1, 211–230.
Stock, R. (2018). Naguib Mahfouz and the Nobel Prize. The Georgia Review.
Sukiman, U. (2021). Prosa Sastra Arab Modern. Yogyakarta: IDEA Press.
Tamari, S. A. (2023). Periodicals and The Public Sphere: The Role of Print Media in Shaping Arab Intellectual Life. Middle Eastern Studies, 59(1).
Teresa, P. (2019). Arabic Literature Goes Digital" In Blogging from Egypt: Digital Literature. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Toelle, H. (2024). Print Culture and the Transformation of Arabic Literary Life in the 19th Century. Middle Eastern Literatures, 25(1).
Tosh, J. (2015). The Pursuit of History: Aims, Methods and New Directions in the Study of History (6th Ed.). London: Routledge.
Wahyudi, R. F. (2020). Citizen Journalism (Jurnalisme Warga): Dari Fakta Berita dan Profesionalitas. … : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Dan Penyiaran Islam.
Widayanti, R. (2024). Sejarah Perkembangan Sastra Arab. Malang: Literasi Nusantara Abadi.
Yuen, L. H., Dana, S., Liu, Y., Bloom, S. I., & ... (2019). A Focused DNA-Encoded Chemical Library for the Discovery of Inhibitors of NAD+-Dependent Enzymes. Journal of the …. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b08039
ZahraaHuseinJabar, L., & Al-Shamry, M. H. A. (n.d.). An analytical study on the websites (Al-Hurra, Al-Jazeera Net, Al-Arabiya Al-Hadath, Al-Khaleej Online. International Journal of Early …. researchgate.net.
Zaidan, J. (2013). The conquest of Andalusia (1903rd ed.). Zaidam Foundation.
Zein, N. R. (2022). Kontribusi Dinasti Umayyah Bagi Perkembangan Peradaban Islam (661-750 M). UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. academia.edu. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/download/101006778/8532-39351-1-PB.pdf