Analisis Perlindungan Hukum Komprehensif: Menjamin Hak Anak Usia Dini dalam Ekosistem Pendidikan Inklusif di Indonesia
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Abstract
Perlindungan hukum komprehensif bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) diperlukan agar mereka bisa belajar bersama di sekolah inklusif tanpa diskriminasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap hak anak usia dini dalam pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada penerapan prinsip non-diskriminasi, aksesibilitas, serta pemenuhan hak belajar yang layak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis yuridis-normatif dengan meninjau kerangka hukum internasional dan nasional, seperti Konvensi Hak Anak (CRC), Konvensi Hak Penyandang Disabilitas (CRPD), serta Permendikbudristek Nomor 46 Tahun 2023 dan Juknis PPKSP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap hak anak dalam PAUD inklusif telah memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala, terutama pada kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana yang aksesibel, serta lemahnya pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan Individual Education Program (IEP). Selain itu, masih ditemukan praktik diskriminasi halus seperti pengucilan sosial terhadap ABK di lingkungan sekolah. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan penguatan kebijakan melalui sertifikasi kompetensi guru inklusif, audit kepatuhan IEP, serta pelatihan Tim Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan (TPPK) agar hak anak dapat terlindungi secara menyeluruh dalam lingkungan belajar yang aman dan inklusif.
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