Community Adaptive Capacity in Facing Flood Disasters in Makassar City

Abstract

Urban flooding is an increasing environmental risk in various developing cities, including Makassar. The dynamics of urbanization, spatial changes, and the pressures of urban development have increased community vulnerability to flooding. In this context, community adaptive capacity is a key element in building urban resilience to disaster risks. This study aims to analyze how community adaptive capacity is formed in response to flooding in Makassar City and to identify the role of social capital, socio-economic conditions, and disaster governance in strengthening urban social resilience. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with various key informants, including academics, local government officials, community members, and resilient women's groups, and is supported by analysis of policy documents and statistical data. This approach allows the study to capture the dynamics of interactions between the community, government, and local institutions in addressing urban flood risk. The results indicate that community adaptive capacity in Makassar City is formed through repeated collective experiences with flooding, which then generates local knowledge in interpreting disaster warnings and determining adaptation strategies appropriate to environmental conditions. These adaptation strategies include physical adjustments to households, strengthening social solidarity within communities, and utilizing social networks to disseminate information and assistance during disasters. Furthermore, the existence of community organizations such as Disaster Preparedness Villages plays a crucial role in strengthening community preparedness through training activities, evacuation simulations, and coordination with the government. Therefore, strengthening urban social resilience requires an integrated approach involving adaptive spatial planning policies, strengthening community social capital, and increasing community participation in disaster mitigation systems.