Edukasi Digital Berbasis Aplikasi Mobile untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Asma
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Abstract
Asma merupakan penyakit kronis ditandai dengan peradangan pada saluran napas yang menyebabkan penyempitan (hiperaktivitas bronkus). Kualitas hidup yang rendah pada penderita asma sering memicu kekambuhan gejala dan mengganggu aktivitas harian. Meskipun asma tidak dapat disembuhkan, penyakit ini dapat dikontrol melalui edukasi, yang bertujuan mencegah kekambuhan. Salah satu metode edukasi yang kini digunakan adalah melalui aplikasi ponsel pintar. Namun, penelitian terkait efektivitas aplikasi ini dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita asma di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi apakah edukasi berbasis aplikasi ponsel pintar dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita asma di Klinik Firdaus Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Menggunakan desain pre-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest, penelitian melibatkan 40 responden yang dipilih melalui total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Mini AQLQ sebelum dan sesudah intervensi edukasi selama periode Agustus–Desember 2022. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Wilcoxon dan Spearman rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 67,5% responden (27 orang) memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik setelah intervensi. Analisis deskriptif memperlihatkan peningkatan rata-rata dan median skor kualitas hidup. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan nilai p sebesar 0,022, yang mengindikasikan adanya hubungan signifikan antara edukasi berbasis aplikasi ponsel pintar dengan peningkatan kualitas hidup penderita asma. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan aplikasi ponsel pintar dalam edukasi pasien asma efektif meningkatkan kualitas hidup mereka.
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