Tata Kelola Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut di Negara-Negara ASEAN: Analisis Perbandingan Berdasarkan Systematic Literature Review
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Abstract
Pemanfaatan ruang laut di kawasan ASEAN menghadapi tekanan yang semakin kompleks akibat pertumbuhan ekonomi biru, perluasan kawasan konservasi, pelayaran, perikanan, dan kepentingan maritim yang saling tumpang tindih, sementara kerangka tata kelola ruang laut yang terintegrasi di tingkat kawasan masih belum terbentuk secara memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis literatur ilmiah untuk membandingkan tata kelola pemanfaatan ruang laut di negara-negara ASEAN, mengidentifikasi persamaan, perbedaan, tantangan, dan faktor keberhasilannya, serta merumuskan model tata kelola yang relevan bagi Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review mengacu pada protokol PRISMA 2020, dengan penelusuran pada sembilan basis data ilmiah publikasi periode 2015–2026, artikel tersebut kemudian dianalisis melalui sintesis tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola ruang laut ASEAN masih bersifat sektoral dengan variasi signifikan dalam kapasitas kelembagaan, ketersediaan perencanaan ruang laut, dan partisipasi pemangku kepentingan antarnegara. Singapura dan Vietnam menunjukkan kemajuan relatif, sementara Indonesia dan Filipina masih menghadapi tantangan koordinasi lintas sektor. Temuan ini penting karena mengonfirmasi bahwa fragmentasi kelembagaan, menjadi hambatan utama tata kelola ruang laut di kawasan. Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini merumuskan model konseptual baru, ASEAN Integrated Marine Spatial Governance Framework, yang dapat menjadi acuan penguatan regulasi, harmonisasi kebijakan ASEAN.
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