Dari Fatalistik Menuju Adaptif: Peran Teknologi dalam Membentuk Sikap Masyarakat terhadap Risiko Bencana
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Abstract
Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini meneliti bagaimana teknologi berkontribusi pada kapasitas adaptif komunitas dalam manajemen risiko bencana, dengan memperhatikan transisi konseptual dari orientasi pasif atau fatalistik menuju respons adaptif. Tinjauan ini mengikuti prinsip pelaporan PRISMA 2020 dan menggunakan Scopus sebagai satu-satunya basis data bibliografi. Pencarian dilakukan pada 9 September 2026 menggunakan strategi Boolean yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya yang mencakup teknologi, bencana, komunitas, sikap, adaptasi, kesiapan, dan ketahanan. Pencarian awal mengidentifikasi 1.595 catatan. Setelah penyaringan berdasarkan tahun publikasi, jenis dokumen, dan bahasa, 1.029 catatan dikeluarkan, menyisakan 566 laporan untuk diambil. Setelah pengambilan dan penilaian kelayakan, 75 artikel dimasukkan dalam sintesis kualitatif. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa platform digital, media sosial, sistem informasi geografis, aplikasi seluler, sistem peringatan dini, realitas virtual, sains warga, dan kecerdasan buatan mendukung akses informasi risiko, pengetahuan, persepsi risiko, efikasi diri, kesiapan, partisipasi, dan ketahanan komunitas. Namun, teknologi tidak secara otomatis menghasilkan perilaku adaptif. Kontribusinya bergantung pada akses digital, literasi, kepercayaan, legitimasi budaya, bahasa, inklusi, pengetahuan lokal, dan tata kelola partisipatif. Tinjauan ini mensintesis hubungan-hubungan tersebut ke dalam jalur informasi-ke-adaptasi.
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